Self-realization from the perspective of psychology and philosophy

Self-actualization is a widely discussed concept that involves many fields such as psychology and philosophy. Self-actualization occupies a central position in the theories of existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre and psychologist Abraham Maslow. Although they start from different perspectives, their views both provide profound insights. This article will compare Sartre and Maslow's understanding of self-actualization and explore their similarities and differences on this topic.

1. Sartre's Self-Actualization

Jean-Paul Sartre believes that self-actualization is achieved through free choice and action. He put forward the view that "existence precedes essence", emphasizing that humans have no fixed essence at birth, and only through free choice and action can they give themselves essence and meaning.

Sartre's view of free will points out that each of us is free, and this freedom allows us to make choices and shape ourselves at any time. Regardless of the environment, we can decide what kind of person we become through our own choices. For example, when faced with a career choice, a person can choose a meaningful job or a high-paying but boring job, which depends entirely on personal choices and values.

In Sartre's view, self-realization is a continuous process that is achieved through constant choices and actions. Every choice is shaping the self and giving new meaning to our lives. Although this freedom is accompanied by responsibility and anxiety, it is this sense of responsibility that drives us to constantly reflect and improve ourselves, so as to realize our true self.

2. Maslow's Self-Realization

Abraham Maslow is a famous humanistic psychologist who proposed the famous "hierarchy of needs theory". In this theory, self-realization is at the top of the pyramid and is the highest level of need. Maslow believes that when human basic needs (such as physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, and respect needs) are met, they will pursue self-realization.

Maslow's definition of self-realization is the process by which individuals fully realize their potential and realize their own abilities and talents. He believes that self-actualizers have some common traits, such as creativity, problem-solving skills, independence, and the pursuit of truth and beauty.

Maslow believes that self-realization is a process of self-discovery and self-development, and it is the maximization of inner potential. For example, a person with artistic talent can realize his artistic potential and reach a state of self-realization through continuous creation and exploration. Self-actualizers usually feel that their lives are fulfilling, happy, and have a deep sense of satisfaction.

3. Comparison between Sartre and Maslow

Although Sartre and Maslow both discussed self-realization, there are some significant differences in their views.

Theoretical basis: Sartre's self-realization is based on existentialist philosophy, emphasizing free choice and individual responsibility. Maslow's self-realization is based on humanistic psychology, focusing on the development of people's basic needs and potential.

Ways to achieve: Sartre believes that self-realization is achieved through free choice and action, and is a continuous process. Every choice is shaping the self and giving new meaning to life. Maslow believes that self-realization is achieved after basic needs are met, through the full development of potential and talent, and is a process of self-discovery and self-development.

Freedom and needs: Sartre emphasizes individual freedom and responsibility, believing that each of us is sentenced to freedom and must be responsible for our own choices. Maslow emphasizes the importance of meeting basic needs, believing that only after these needs are met can individuals pursue self-realization.

Nevertheless, the two also have some similarities. Both Sartre and Maslow believe that self-realization is the highest goal pursued by individuals, and it is achieved through internal efforts and external actions. They both emphasize personal initiative and creativity, and believe that everyone can realize their potential and value through their own efforts.

Conclusion

Although Sartre and Maslow's understanding of self-realization is based on different theoretical foundations, they both provide us with valuable insights. Sartre emphasizes free choice and individual responsibility, reminding us that we are shaping ourselves in every choice. Maslow emphasizes meeting basic needs and fully realizing potential, guiding us how to realize ourselves step by step. In modern society, we can learn from their ideas and find effective ways to realize ourselves and pursue meaning.