Minor Arcana Explained: Suits, Numbers & Court Cards
While the Major Arcana represents life's big spiritual lessons, the Minor Arcana is where tarot gets practical. These 56 cards make up the majority of your 78-card tarot deck, and they speak to the everyday experiences, challenges, and opportunities that shape your daily life.
If you're learning how to read tarot, understanding the Minor Arcana structure is essential. This guide breaks down the four suits, the numerical progression from Ace to Ten, and the court card personalities so you can read with confidence.
What is the Minor Arcana?
The Minor Arcana consists of 56 cards divided into four suits, each containing 14 cards: Ace through Ten (pip cards) plus four court cards (Page, Knight, Queen, King). Think of them as the tarot's equivalent to a regular playing deck—but with far more symbolic depth.
While Major Arcana cards represent soul-level themes and karmic turning points, Minor Arcana cards reflect the mundane, human experience: your job stress, relationship dynamics, creative projects, financial decisions, and emotional states.
The Four Suits of the Minor Arcana
Each suit corresponds to an element, an area of life, and a specific type of energy. Understanding these associations is the foundation of reading Minor Arcana cards.
Wands (Fire Element)
Keywords: Passion, creativity, action, ambition, willpower, inspiration
Life area: Career, projects, personal growth, spiritual pursuits
Energy: Yang, active, outward-moving
Wands represent the spark of inspiration and the drive to make things happen. When Wands appear in a reading, they often point to new ventures, creative breakthroughs, or the need to take bold action. They ask: What are you building? What fires you up?
Cups (Water Element)
Keywords: Emotions, relationships, intuition, love, compassion, dreams
Life area: Romance, friendships, family, emotional well-being
Energy: Yin, receptive, inward-flowing
Cups are the suit of the heart. They reflect your emotional landscape, your connections with others, and your capacity for empathy and vulnerability. Cups cards often appear when relationships are evolving, emotions are running high, or intuitive messages are coming through.
Swords (Air Element)
Keywords: Thoughts, communication, conflict, truth, mental clarity, decisions
Life area: Intellectual pursuits, communication, challenges, justice
Energy: Yang, sharp, cutting through illusion
Swords cut to the truth. This suit governs the mind, logic, and the power of words. Swords can indicate mental breakthroughs, difficult conversations, or internal conflicts. They're not inherently negative—they simply demand honesty and clear thinking.
Pentacles (Earth Element)
Keywords: Money, material resources, physical health, work, stability, manifestation
Life area: Finances, career, home, body, practical matters
Energy: Yin, grounded, tangible
Pentacles are the suit of the material world. They speak to your financial situation, your physical environment, your health, and the tangible results of your efforts. When Pentacles show up, the reading is often addressing real-world concerns: income, investments, home life, or physical well-being.
Understanding the Numbers: Ace to Ten
Each number from Ace to Ten carries its own archetypal meaning that applies across all four suits. Once you understand the numerical progression, you can intuitively read any Minor Arcana card by combining the suit's element with the number's theme.
Ace: Pure Potential
The seed, the gift, the beginning. Aces represent new opportunities and raw, unmanifested energy in their suit's domain.
Two: Duality & Choice
Balance, partnership, decisions. Twos often indicate a crossroads or the need to weigh options.
Three: Growth & Expansion
Collaboration, creativity, initial results. Threes show early progress and the fruits of effort.
Four: Stability & Structure
Foundation, rest, consolidation. Fours represent a pause, a plateau, or the establishment of order.
Five: Conflict & Challenge
Struggle, loss, disruption. Fives indicate tension, competition, or necessary growing pains.
Six: Harmony & Adjustment
Recovery, generosity, movement forward. Sixes bring resolution after the chaos of Fives.
Seven: Reflection & Reassessment
Introspection, strategy, illusion. Sevens ask you to pause and evaluate before moving forward.
Eight: Mastery & Movement
Action, skill, momentum. Eights show progress, effort, and the application of knowledge.
Nine: Culmination & Fulfillment
Near-completion, wishes granted, integration. Nines represent the peak before the cycle ends.
Ten: Completion & Transition
Endings, fullness, the close of a chapter. Tens signal that a cycle is complete and a new one is beginning.
The Court Cards: Personalities & Roles
Court cards—Page, Knight, Queen, King—can represent actual people in your life, aspects of your own personality, or the energy you need to embody. They're often the trickiest cards for beginners, but once you grasp their archetypes, they become incredibly nuanced.
Pages: The Messengers
Energy: Youthful, curious, learning, messages
Pages bring news, opportunities, or the invitation to explore something new. They represent the student, the beginner, or a fresh perspective in their suit's area.
Knights: The Actors
Energy: Dynamic, driven, extreme, movement
Knights are all about action—sometimes reckless, sometimes heroic. They represent pursuit, momentum, and the embodiment of their suit's energy in motion.
Queens: The Nurturers
Energy: Mature, receptive, mastery through feeling
Queens have internalized their suit's wisdom. They represent emotional intelligence, nurturing power, and the ability to hold space for their element.
Kings: The Masters
Energy: Authoritative, outward-focused, mastery through control
Kings command their suit's domain. They represent leadership, external achievement, and the ability to direct their element with skill and authority.
How to Read Minor Arcana Cards
To interpret any Minor Arcana card, combine three layers of meaning:
- The Suit: What area of life is being addressed? (Wands = action, Cups = emotion, Swords = thought, Pentacles = material)
- The Number or Court Role: What stage or energy is present? (Ace = beginning, Five = conflict, Queen = nurturing mastery, etc.)
- The Card's Imagery: What story is the card telling visually?
Example: The Five of Cups combines Cups (emotions, relationships) with Five (conflict, loss). The traditional image shows a figure mourning over spilled cups while two remain standing—a reminder that even in grief, not all is lost.
Minor Arcana vs Major Arcana: When to Pay Attention
In a reading, a spread dominated by Minor Arcana cards suggests that the situation is largely within your control and influenced by day-to-day choices. A spread heavy with Major Arcana indicates bigger, fate-driven themes at play.
Both are important. The Major Arcana shows you why something is happening on a soul level; the Minor Arcana shows you how it's playing out in real time.
Final Thoughts: The Minor Arcana is Your Daily Oracle
The Minor Arcana may not have the dramatic flair of cards like The Tower or Death, but they're the backbone of practical tarot reading. They reflect the texture of your everyday life—the small victories, the recurring patterns, the choices that shape your path.
Once you understand the suits, numbers, and court cards, you'll be able to read any Minor Arcana card intuitively, even without memorizing all 56 meanings. The system is elegant, logical, and endlessly rich—a mirror for the human experience in all its complexity.
