Hexagon & Hexagram: Six-Sided Sacred Symmetry

Introduction

Six sides. Six points. Six-fold symmetry. The hexagon and hexagram are nature's favorite shapes—appearing in honeycombs, snowflakes, crystals, and the very structure of carbon itself. The hexagon is the most efficient shape for tiling a plane, using the least material to enclose the most space. The hexagram—two interlocking triangles forming a six-pointed star—represents the union of opposites, the merkaba in 2D, and one of the most powerful symbols in spiritual traditions from Judaism to Hinduism to alchemy.

Together, the hexagon and hexagram reveal the sacred geometry of balance, efficiency, and divine union. The number six represents harmony, equilibrium, and the marriage of heaven and earth. From the molecular structure of benzene to the Star of David, from beehives to the I Ching, these six-sided forms show us how nature achieves perfect balance and how spirit and matter unite in sacred geometry.

This guide explores the hexagon and hexagram in depth—their geometry, appearance in nature and culture, spiritual symbolism, and how these six-sided sacred forms reveal fundamental patterns of harmony and union.

What Are the Hexagon and Hexagram?

The Hexagon

A regular hexagon is:

• A six-sided polygon
• All sides equal length
• All interior angles equal (120°)
• Six-fold rotational symmetry
• Can be divided into six equilateral triangles
• The most efficient tiling shape

The Hexagram

A hexagram (six-pointed star) is:

• Two equilateral triangles interlocking
• One pointing up, one pointing down
• Creates a six-pointed star
• Contains a hexagon at its center
• Also called the Star of David or Seal of Solomon

The Relationship

• Six circles around one central circle create a hexagon
• Connect alternate vertices of a hexagon → two interlocking triangles → hexagram
• The hexagram contains a hexagon at its center
• Both embody six-fold symmetry

The Symbolism of Six

The Number of Harmony

Six represents balance and equilibrium:

• The first perfect number: 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, and 1 × 2 × 3 = 6
• Creation complete: Six days of creation, seventh day rest
• Balance of opposites: 3 + 3, the double trinity
• Harmony and beauty: Venus (love and beauty) has a six-fold cycle

Six in Sacred Traditions

• Six directions: North, South, East, West, Up, Down (the complete space)
• Six days of creation: Genesis creation story
• Hexagram in I Ching: 64 hexagrams (6-line figures)
• Six-pointed star: Judaism, Hinduism, alchemy

The Hexagon in Nature

The Honeycomb

The most famous natural hexagon:

• Bees build hexagonal cells
• The most efficient use of wax
• Strongest structure for the material used
• No wasted space when tessellated
• Nature's engineering perfection

Snowflakes

Perfect six-fold symmetry:

• Every snowflake has hexagonal structure
• Based on the molecular structure of ice
• Water molecules bond in hexagonal lattice
• Infinite variety, all hexagonal

Crystals and Minerals

Hexagonal crystal system:

• Quartz, beryl, emerald, aquamarine
• Hexagonal prisms
• Six-sided crystal structure

Basalt columns:

• Giant's Causeway, Devil's Postpile
• Cooling lava forms hexagonal columns
• Most efficient way to release stress

Molecular Structures

Benzene ring:

• Six carbon atoms in hexagonal ring
• Fundamental to organic chemistry
• Basis of many organic molecules

Graphene and carbon structures:

• Hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms
• Strongest material known
• Basis of graphite, nanotubes, fullerenes

Biological Hexagons

• Turtle shells: Hexagonal and pentagonal plates
• Insect eyes: Compound eyes with hexagonal lenses
• Cell structures: Some cells pack in hexagonal patterns

The Hexagram Across Cultures

Judaism - The Star of David (Magen David)

The Shield of David:

• Primary symbol of Judaism and Israel
• Two interlocking triangles
• Represents the connection between God and humanity
• Heaven (upward triangle) and Earth (downward triangle)
• Used since medieval times, became official in 19th century

Hinduism - The Shatkona

The six-pointed star in Hinduism:

• Represents the union of Shiva and Shakti
• Upward triangle: Shiva (masculine, fire, consciousness)
• Downward triangle: Shakti (feminine, water, energy)
• Their union creates the universe
• Found in yantras and mandalas

Islam - The Seal of Solomon

Khatam Sulayman:

• Associated with King Solomon
• Symbol of wisdom and protection
• Used in Islamic art and architecture
• Represents divine authority

Alchemy

The alchemical hexagram:

• Union of opposites
• Fire (upward triangle) and Water (downward triangle)
• The marriage of masculine and feminine
• Solve et coagula (dissolve and coagulate)
• The philosopher's stone

Theosophy and Esoteric Traditions

• The interlaced triangles represent spirit and matter
• As above, so below
• The macrocosm and microcosm
• The merkaba in 2D form

The Hexagram and the Merkaba

The 2D Merkaba

The hexagram is the merkaba viewed from above:

• Two interlocking tetrahedrons (3D) appear as two interlocking triangles (2D) from above
• The hexagram is the merkaba's shadow
• Represents the same union of opposites
• Masculine and feminine, heaven and earth, spirit and matter

The Star Tetrahedron Connection

• Rotate a hexagram in 3D → star tetrahedron (merkaba)
• The hexagram contains the seed of the merkaba
• Both represent divine union and balance

How to Work with the Hexagon and Hexagram

1. Hexagram Meditation

Practice:

• Visualize a hexagram at your heart center
• Upward triangle: masculine, fire, spirit, consciousness
• Downward triangle: feminine, water, matter, energy
• See them perfectly balanced and interlocked
• Feel the union of opposites within you

Use for: Balancing masculine/feminine, integrating opposites, heart opening

2. Hexagon Efficiency Contemplation

Practice:

• Observe hexagons in nature (honeycombs, snowflakes)
• Contemplate nature's efficiency and perfection
• Reflect on how to bring more efficiency and harmony to your life
• The hexagon teaches optimal use of resources

3. As Above, So Below Practice

Practice:

• The hexagram embodies "as above, so below"
• Upward triangle: the heavens, the divine, the spiritual
• Downward triangle: the earth, the human, the material
• Meditate on their perfect union
• You are the meeting point of heaven and earth

4. Protection Symbol

Practice:

• The hexagram (Seal of Solomon) is a protection symbol
• Visualize it around yourself or your space
• The interlocked triangles create a protective field
• Used for centuries for spiritual protection

5. Drawing Practice

Practice:

• Draw a perfect hexagon using compass and straightedge
• Draw a hexagram by interlocking two equilateral triangles
• The process is meditative
• Connects you to the sacred geometry

The Hexagon and the Flower of Life

The Foundation Pattern

• The Flower of Life is built on hexagonal geometry
• Six circles around one create a hexagon
• The entire pattern is hexagonal tessellation
• The hexagon is the fundamental unit

From Seed to Flower

• Seed of Life (7 circles) → hexagonal pattern
• Flower of Life → hexagonal expansion
• All sacred geometry contains hexagons

Common Misconceptions

Misconception 1: The Star of David Is Ancient

Truth: While the hexagram is ancient, its specific association with Judaism and the name "Star of David" became prominent in the Middle Ages, official in the 19th century.

Misconception 2: Hexagons Are Rare in Nature

Truth: Hexagons are extremely common—honeycombs, snowflakes, crystals, molecular structures, basalt columns, and more.

Misconception 3: The Hexagram Is Only Jewish

Truth: The hexagram appears in Hinduism, Islam, alchemy, and many esoteric traditions. It's a universal symbol of union and balance.

Conclusion

The hexagon and hexagram—six-sided polygon and six-pointed star—are among nature's most efficient and spiritually significant forms. The hexagon is nature's choice for optimal space-filling, appearing in honeycombs, snowflakes, crystals, and the molecular structure of carbon. The hexagram represents the union of opposites—masculine and feminine, heaven and earth, fire and water, spirit and matter—the perfect balance that creates and sustains all existence.

Together, these six-sided forms teach us about efficiency, harmony, and divine union. The hexagon shows us that nature achieves perfection through simple geometric principles. The hexagram shows us that wholeness comes from the integration of opposites, that the divine is found in the marriage of heaven and earth, and that we ourselves are the meeting point where spirit and matter unite.

When you work with the hexagon and hexagram—whether contemplating their efficiency, meditating on their balance, or using them for protection—you are engaging with fundamental patterns of existence. You are connecting with the geometry that bees use to build their hives, that water uses to form snowflakes, and that mystics across cultures have recognized as the symbol of divine union and cosmic harmony.